BUTCHER AND BOLT (H/C)

AFGHANISTAN HAS BEEN A STRATEGIC PRIZE FOR FOREIGN EMPIRES FOR MORE THAN 200 YEARS. THE BRITISH, RUSSIANS AND AMERICANS HAVE ALL FOUGHT ACROSS ITS BEAUTIFUL AND INHOSPITABLE TERRAIN, IN CONFLICTS VARIOUSLY RUTHLESS, MISGUIDED AND BLOODY. A CENTURY AGO, THE COMMON SNEER ABOUT HOW BRITISH SOLDIERS TREATED AFGHAN TRIBESMEN WAS THAT THEY WOULD 'BUTCHER' THEM, THEN 'BOLT'. THIS VIOLENT HISTORY IS THE SUBJECT OF DAVID LOYN'S MAGISTERIAL BOOK. HE BEGINS WITH THE FIRST BRITISH MISSION EXACTLY 200 YEARS AGO - THE BIZARRE, ALMOST MEDIEVAL PROGRESS OF MOUNTSTUART ELPHINSTONE, WHO PROBED WEST BEYOND THE KNOWN BOUNDARIES OF BRITISH INDIA TO FIND THE AMIR OF AFGHANISTAN CLAD IN AN EMERALD BREASTPLATE, WEARING THE KOH-I-NOOR DIAMOND. THAT ENCOUNTER USHERED IN A HISTORY OF CONFLICT LITTERED WITH MISUNDERSTANDINGS AND BROKEN PROMISES, IN WHICH THE BRITISH, THE RUSSIANS AND LATER THE AMERICANS, CONSTANTLY UNDER-ESTIMATED THE ABILITY OF THE AFGHANS AND THE POWER OF THE FRONTIER TRIBES."BUTCHER AND BOLT"